This article was published as part of the Data Science Blogathon
Introduction
Digital image processing consists of the various techniques and methods involved in manipulating images on a computer.. Various types of operations are performed on images, constituting digital image processing.
Understand what an image actually is?
The image is basically a two-dimensional signal. The signal function is f (x, Y), where the value of x and y at a point generates the pixel at the point. The image is basically a two-dimensional array consisting of numbers between 0 Y 255.
Various factors are involved in image processing. Image processing has a few main reasons.
Image Processing Help at:
1. Improvement of the digital information stored by us.
2. Automating work with images.
3. Better image optimization leading to efficient storage and transmission.
Over the years, image processing has improved a lot and there are many modern commercial image processing applications.
Image Processing Uses:
1. Image correction, nitidez y corrección de resolutionThe "resolution" refers to the ability to make firm decisions and meet set goals. In personal and professional contexts, It involves defining clear goals and developing an action plan to achieve them. Resolution is critical to personal growth and success in various areas of life, as it allows you to overcome obstacles and keep your focus on what really matters....
Often, we wish we could improve old images. And that is possible today. Zoom, the sharpness, edge detection and high dynamic range edits are included in this category. All these steps help to improve the image. Most editing programs and image correction code can do these things easily..
2. Filters in the edition of applications and social networks
Most editing apps and social media apps offer filters these days.
Above is an example of the original image and the leaked image. Filters make the image look more visually appealing. Filters are usually a set of functions that change the colors and other aspects of an image that make the image look different.. Filters are an interesting application of image processing.
3. Medical technology:
In the field of medicine, image processing is used for various tasks, as positron emission tomography, X-ray imaging, medical CT scan, UV images, cancer cell imaging and much more. The introduction of image processing in the field of medical technology has vastly improved the diagnostic process.
(Image source: https://axisimagingnews.com/radiology-products/imaging-equipment/x-ray/image-processing-software-mimics-grid-use-improve-image-quality)
The image on the left is the original image. The image on the right is the processed image. We can see that the processed image is much better and can be used for a better diagnosis.
4. Computer vision / machine:
One of the most interesting and useful applications of image processing is computer vision. Computer vision is used to make the computer see, identify things and process the whole environment as a whole. An important use of computer vision is driving cars, drones, etc. CV helps detect obstacles, recognize paths and understand the environment.
(Source: streets of Paris in the eyes of Tesla's autopilot https://youtu.be/_1MHGUC_BzQ)
This is how typical computer vision works for car autopilots. The computer captures live images and analyzes other cars, the road and other obstacles.
5. Pattern recognition:
Pattern recognition is part of image processing that involves artificial intelligence and machine learning. Image processing is used to discover various patterns and appearances in images. Pattern recognition is used for handwriting analysis, image recognition, computer-assisted medical diagnosis and much more.
6. Video Processing:
Video is basically fast moving images. Various image processing techniques are used in video processing. Some video processing methods are noise removal, image stabilization, frame rate conversion, detail enhancement and much more.
Getting started with image processing in Python:
Let's start with some basic image-related tasks in Python. We will use PIL.
Python Image Library is used for various image processing tasks.
Installation:
pip install pillow
With PIL installed, now we can move on to the code.
First, trabajamos con algunas funciones de matplotlibFunctions are mathematical relationships that assign to each element of a set, Domain Called, a single item from another set, called codomain. They are commonly depicted as ( f(x) ), where ( f ) is the function and ( x ) it is the value of the domain. Functions are fundamental in various areas of mathematics and their applications, allowing phenomena to be modeled and problems solved in science, ingeniería y economía.....
import matplotlib.image as img import matplotlib.pyplot as plt import numpy as np %matplotlib inline
The following image will be read. It's called image1.jpg.
# reading jpg image
img = img.imread('image1.jpg')
plt.imshow(img)
The image is read.
# modifying the shape of the image lum1 = img[:, :, 0] plt.imshow(lum1)
Now the shape of the image is modified.
Now we will change it to the color map “hot”. To read more about the colormap, visits is Link.
plt.imshow(lum1, cmap ='hot') plt.colorbar()
The image output looks:
Now we try a different colormap.
imgplot = plt.imshow(lum1)
imgplot.set_cmap('nipy_spectral')Image output:
The reason for using color maps is that, often in various applications and uses, it is useful to have a uniform color map. Read more about Colourmaps: Choose color maps in Matplotlib.
Now let's take a look at why we call an image a 2D matrix.
#data type of lum1 print(type(lum1))
Departure:
print(lum1)
[[ 92 91 89 … 169 168 169]
[110 110 110 … 168 166 167]
[100 103 108 … 164 163 164]
…
[ 97 96 95 … 144 147 147]
[ 99 99 98 … 145 139 138]
[102 102 103 … 149 137 137]]
The points are there to show that there are many more data points in between. But one thing is for sure, is that they are all numerical data.
Let's find the size of the array.
len(lum1)
Departure: 320
Departure: 658
This gives us the number of pixels and the dimensions of the image: 320 * 658.
We will also check it later.
Now we work with PIL.
from PIL import Image
We will use this image file, called: people.jpg.
img2 = Image.open('people.jpg')
plt.imshow(img2)
The image is read.
Now, we change the size of the image.
img2.thumbnail((50, 50), Image.ANTIALIAS) # resizes image in-place imgplot = plt.imshow(img2)
imgplot1 = plt.imshow(img2, interpolation="nearest")
imgplot2 = plt.imshow(img2, interpolation="bicubic")
But, Why do we purposely blur images in image processing? Good, often for computer vision and pattern recognition algorithms, it becomes difficult to process images if they are very sharp. Therefore, blur is done to soften images. Blur also makes the color transition in an image, from side to side, be much smoother.
Now, Let's check the dimensions of the car picture, what we worked on before.
#some more interesting stuff
file="image1.jpg"
with Image.open(file) as image:
width, height = image.size
#Image width, height is be obtained
These are the dimensions we got as well. Then we can conclude that the image is 320 * 658.
Let's also try rotating and transposing the image.
#Relative Path
img3 = Image.open("image1.jpg")
#Angle given
img_rot= img3.rotate(180)
#Saved in the same relative location
img_rot.save("rotated_picture.jpg")
This is the rotated image.
#transposing image
transposed_img = img3.transpose(Image.FLIP_LEFT_RIGHT)
#Saved in the same relative location
transposed_img.save("transposed_img.jpg")
This is the transposed image.
Last words:
Image processing has several important applications and, over time, methods and processes will also improve.
About me:
Prateek Majumder
Data science and analytics | Digital Marketing Specialist | SEO | Content creation
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Thanks.
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